ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Donor-dependent immunomodulatory effects of human dental pulp stem cells on macrophages.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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9 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are a mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-like population with emerging therapeutic relevance, yet their immunomodulatory behavior remains incompletely defined. Methods: Here we examine how hDPSCs from three independent human donors modulate macrophages differentiated from the THP-1 and U-937 monocytic cell lines. Using co-culture systems, we assess cytokine secretion profiles and macrophage surface marker expression by multiplex immunoassays and flow cytometry. Results: Co-culture revealed donor- and lineage-specific modulation of key cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-10, IL-6, IL-1β, CXCL10, and IL-1RA, while surface marker analysis indicated minimal macrophage polarization. Notably, hDPSCs exhibited transcriptional changes in inflammation-related genes upon interaction with macrophages. Conclusions: Together, these findings reveal that hDPSC immunomodulatory activity is highly context-dependent and donor-specific, highlighting the importance of donor-aware functional assays for potency assessment and standardization of human cell-based therapies.
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