ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Single-cell immune landscape of the central nervous system of mice infected with rabies virus.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The fatality rate of virulent rabies virus (RABV) following central nervous system (CNS) invasion is nearly 100%. Infection with the virulent CVS-11 strain is associated with severe neurological symptoms and lethal outcomes, while the attenuated SRV9 strain can be cleared by the host. Although previous studies have investigated intracranial cytological and immunological changes, a high-resolution single-cell understanding is still lacking. Such resolution is essential for analyzing immune cell heterogeneity and intercellular communication networks. Objectives: This study aimed to depict the immune response after CVS-11 and SRV9 infections at single-cell resolution, addressing the immune mechanisms influencing RABV infection outcomes. Methods: We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on brains from CVS-11 infected, SRV9 infected, and mock infected mice. By analyzing over 100,000 cells, we constructed a comprehensive atlas of CNS immune responses. Result: Compared with SRV9 infection, CVS-11 infection was associated with transcriptional signatures indicative of: a trend of microglial shifting toward a phagocytic signature enriched phagocytic phenotype, elevated expression of genes related to excessive neutrophilic inflammation, down regulation of NK cell functional genes (suggesting potential dysfunction), and increased expression of T cell exhaustion-related genes. In contrast, SRV9 infection correlated with microglial features indicative of an immunoregulatory phenotype, more precise NK cell antiviral function, more complete T cell activation and memory formation, and more coordinated immune interactions. Conclusion: The scRNA-seq data from this study suggest that virulent and attenuated RABV strains may induce distinct patterns of immune responses in the central nervous system: the former is accompanied by features of dysfunctional cellular responses, whereas the latter presents protective immune features associated with viral clearance. Notably, a set of signature genes (
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.