Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42465771›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026

Hybrid immunity from bivalent vaccination and prior infection enhances humoral and innate protection against Omicron XBB.1.16 and EG.5.1.1 variants in Japan.

Kouki Matsuda, Shohei Yamamoto, Chihiro Motozono, Yoshiki Aritsu, Yuki Furukawa, Airi Noborio, Daisuke Takada, Hiyori Sasagawa, Yuichi Akahori, Kiyoto Tsuchiya and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Kouki MatsudaDivision of Antiviral Therapy, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
Shohei YamamotoDepartment of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, Japan Institute for Health Security, Tokyo, Japan.
Chihiro MotozonoDivision of Infection and Immunity, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
Yoshiki AritsuDivision of Infection and Immunity, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
Yuki FurukawaDivision of Antiviral Therapy, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
Airi NoborioDivision of Antiviral Therapy, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
Daisuke TakadaDivision of Antiviral Therapy, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
Hiyori SasagawaDivision of Antiviral Therapy, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
Yuichi AkahoriDivision of Antiviral Therapy, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
Kiyoto TsuchiyaAIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan Institute for Health Security, Tokyo, Japan.
Hiroyuki GatanagaAIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan Institute for Health Security, Tokyo, Japan.
Takamasa UenoDivision of Infection and Immunity, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
Norio OhmagariDisease Control and Prevention Center, Japan Institute for Health Security, Tokyo, Japan.
Tetsuya MizoueDepartment of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, Japan Institute for Health Security, Tokyo, Japan.
Kenji MaedaDivision of Antiviral Therapy, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Emerging Omicron sublineages XBB.1.16 and EG.5.1.1 have caused breakthrough infections, challenging vaccine efficacy. Hybrid immunity-vaccination plus prior SARS-CoV-2 infection-augments neutralizing activity. We investigated whether innate immune responses also contribute to breakthrough prevention. Methods: We analyzed samples from a previous case-control study of 50 breakthrough infection cases and 50 controls, all adults with ≥3 mRNA vaccine doses, recruited in June 2023 during the XBB.1.5 wave in Japan. Participants were classified as hybrid immunity (prior PCR-confirmed infection or N-IgG positive), high-vaccine-induced immunity (N-IgG negative, S-IgG > 10 Results: Breakthrough cases were enriched in the low-vaccine-induced immunity group, with fewer exhibiting hybrid immunity. Hybrid immunity yielded higher NT Discussion: Hybrid immunity may protect against Omicron XBB.1.16/EG.5.1.1 via IL-8-dependent macrophage-neutrophil interactions, highlighting a synergistic role of humoral and innate immunity.

Indexed as

COVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesImmunity, InnateSARS-CoV-2AdultAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralBreakthrough InfectionsCase-Control StudiesCytokinesFemaleHumansImmunity, HumoralJapanMaleMiddle AgedAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralCOVID-19 VaccinesCytokinesbivalent vaccinebreakthrough infectionCOVID-19hybrid immunityinnate immunity

Identifiers

PMID42465771
PMCPMC13374799

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.