ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2026
Association between serum minerals and malnutrition assessed by GLIM among hospitalized adults: a multicenter cross-sectional study.
Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the relationship between single- and multiple-mineral deficiencies and malnutrition, as defined by the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria among Chinese inpatients. Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional study of hospitalized patients in hospitals was conducted in China. Information on the inpatients' social demographic characteristics, physical examination, and laboratory test results was collected. Malnutrition was defined on the GLIM criteria. Multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic spline were used to examine the relationship between individual serum minerals and their counts and malnutrition. Results: A total of 3,433 hospitalized adults were included in the study. Compared to those with normal mineral levels, patients with serum mineral deficiencies had a 1.43- to 2.31-fold higher likelihood of prevalent GLIM-based malnutrition. After stratifying by age, significant associations were observed only among middle-aged and elderly inpatients. For individuals aged 45 and older, low mineral levels were associated with a higher likelihood of malnutrition compared to normal levels; the ORs (95% CIs) ranged from 1.56 (1.01, 2.39) to 2.96 (1.71, 5.70). Furthermore, inpatients with one, two, and three or more minerals below the normal level had a respective 1.33-, 2.15-, and 2.95-fold higher likelihood of prevalent malnutrition, respectively. Conclusion: Our study found that serum mineral deficiencies-particularly potassium, sodium, chloride, and phosphorus-are significantly associated with prevalent malnutrition, with this association more pronounced among middle-aged and elderly patients. Moreover, the cumulative burden of mineral deficiencies showed a graded association with the likelihood of prevalent malnutrition, though this association requires further validation in prospective studies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.