ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2026
Shear Difference: Flow Type Dictates Endothelial Flow-Responsive Gene Programs in a 3-Dimensional-Printed In Vitro Model.
Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundEndothelial cells are mechanosensitive and adopt distinct phenotypes in response to hemodynamic forces. These responses are difficult to study in conventional in vitro platforms, which rarely reproduce vessel-scale geometry or clinically relevant flow. Our aim was to determine how flow impacts endothelial morphology and transcriptional activity in a 3-dimensional macrofluidic model.
methodsIdealized vessels were 3-dimensional printed using a water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol and cast in polydimethylsiloxane. After core dissolution, human microvascular endothelial cell line-1 cells were grown on the lumen and perfused for 24 hours under static, continuous, or pulsatile flow. The pulsatile waveform was derived from arteriovenous fistula Doppler profiles and scaled to match mean volumetric flow (~100 mL/min) and time-averaged wall shear stress (~1.5 dyn/cm
resultsRelative to static culture, continuous flow increased cell eccentricity (0.74 versus 0.48;
conclusionsUnder matched mean shear, pulsatile and continuous flow were associated with distinct endothelial morphologic and transcriptional signatures. This macrofluidic platform provides a validated, waveform-controlled testbed for mechanistic and translational studies.
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