In one paragraphArticle in Health promotion international, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
2 · The registryThe trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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4 · The recordCorrections and comments
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5 · Who and what moneyAuthors and funding
23 authors.
Marlene MeyerWHO Collaborating Centre for Health Literacy, TUM Health Literacy Unit, Department of Health and Sport Sciences, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Am Olympiacampus 11, 80809 Munich, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-6893-0525 Kevin DadaczynskiDepartment Sport and Health Sciences, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-7367-5362 Melanie MesserInstitute of Nursing Science, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-1782-7226 Rune Müller KristensenDanish School of Education, Aarhus University, Tuborgvej 164, DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0001-5132-2462 Venka SimovskaDanish School of Education, Aarhus University, Tuborgvej 164, DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0003-1391-9182 Areti LagiouLaboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Department of Public and Community Health, University of West Attica, 196 Alexandras Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-6687-358X Evanthia SakellariLaboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Department of Public and Community Health, University of West Attica, 196 Alexandras Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0001-5396-029X Padmore Adusei AmoahSchool of Graduate Studies, Lingnan University, 8 Castle Peak Road, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong, SAR, China.ORCID 0000-0002-8730-5805 Sam S S LauResearch Centre for Environment and Human Health, School of Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, 8 On Muk Street, Shek Mun, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.ORCID 0000-0002-8806-031X Angela Y M LeungSchool of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, GH528, Hong Kong, SAR, China.ORCID 0000-0002-9836-1925 Guglielmo BonaccorsiDepartment of Health Science, University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni, 48 - 50134 Firenze, Florence, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-5171-4308 Chiara LoriniDepartment of Health Science, University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni, 48 - 50134 Firenze, Florence, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-3170-1857 Veronica VelascoPsychology Department, Università Degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20128 Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-1890-5564 Mariusz DuplagaDepartment of Health Promotion and e-Health, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawinska Str. 8, 31-066 Krakow, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-6963-8414 Karina LeksyInstitute of Pedagogy, Department of Social Science, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa Stret 12, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-5907-7836 Madalina-Adina ComanDepartment of Public Health, College of Political, Administrative and Communication Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, No. 7 Pandurilor Street, 9th floor, Cluj-Napoca 400095, Romania.ORCID 0000-0003-2678-1186 Cheng-Yu LinDepartment of Radio, Television and Film, Shih Hsin University, No. 1, Ln. 17, Sec. 1, Muzha Rd., Wenshan Dist., Taipei City 116, Taipei 11642, Taiwan.ORCID 0000-0001-9315-2190 Tuyen Van DuongSchool of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.ORCID 0000-0002-2287-0723 Fatma Özlem ÖzturkDepartment of Nursing Altindag, Ankara University Faculty of Nursing, Hacettepe Mahallesi, Plevne Caddesi, No: 7, PK: 06230 Altindag, Ankara, Türkiye.ORCID 0000-0003-1942-6637 Pınar SoylarHealth Sciences Faculty, Department of Nursing, Fırat University, 23119 Elazig, Türkiye.ORCID 0000-0003-1565-2100 Emily MarchantDepartment of Education and Childhood Studies, Swansea University, Singleton Park, SA2 8PP Swansea, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-9701-5991 Orkan OkanWHO Collaborating Centre for Health Literacy, TUM Health Literacy Unit, Department of Health and Sport Sciences, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Am Olympiacampus 11, 80809 Munich, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-1714-4783 Funding
ASEANDanish School of Education, Aarhus UniversityETH Zürich Bilateral Science and Technology Programme with China, Japan, South KoreaHAPPEN ES/J500197/1Health and Medical Research FundHealth Bureau, the Hong Kong SAR Government COVID1903006-02Research Collaboration and Development Fund of Lingnan University, Hong KongResearch Excellence Initiative of the University of Silesia in KatowiceResearch Grants Council UGC/IDS(R) 23/20Taipei Medical University 108-3805-022-400The Economic and Social Research Council ES/W007045/1The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong KongWorld Health Organization Collaborating Centre
6 · The paper itselfAbstract
School principals are prone to mental health problems due to work demands. During the COVID-19 pandemic, school principals were additionally tasked with managing challenging responsibilities, i.e. implementing hygiene regulations, communicating frequent policy updates, and transitioning to online teaching. This international study aimed to assess school principals' COVID-19 health literacy (HL) levels as a resource during the pandemic and to examine associations with well-being and psychosomatic complaints. The COVID-19 Health Literacy School Principal Survey was jointly conducted in 11 countries during 2021 and 2022. N = 8644 school or vice principals completed the online survey. Well-being was assessed using the WHO-5 Well-Being Index, psychosomatic complaints with a subscale of the Burnout Assessment Tool and self-reported COVID-19 HL through the HLS-COVID-Q22. HL levels were computed using Rasch analysis. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to investigate the association of school principals' COVID-19 HL with well-being and psychosomatic complaints while controlling for sociodemographic and school-level factors. Overall, 0.1% of school principals had insufficient COVID-19 HL, 3.3% problematic, 65.7% sufficient, and 30.9% excellent. COVID-19 HL significantly predicted well-being and psychosomatic complaints even after controlling for sex, age, position, school type, teaching load, and working hours. Despite the small explained variance, the findings emphasize a need to invest in school principals' HL as a resource during times of crisis and beyond. Health promotion interventions should be developed to enhance HL and hence health, especially of female and younger school principals, who reported lower well-being and more frequent psychosomatic complaints.
Indexed as
COVID-19Health LiteracyMental HealthSchoolsAdultAsiaEuropeFemaleHumansMalePsychological Well-BeingSARS-CoV-2Surveys and QuestionnairesCOVID-19cross-country analyseshealth literacymental healthpsychosomatic complaintsschool principalswell-being
Identifiers
PMID42467460
PMCPMC13394713
What Socratic holds
Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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