ArticlePloS one2026
Incidence and risk factors of postoperative delirium in children with congenital heart disease.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundPostoperative delirium (POD) is an important neurocognitive complication following congenital heart disease (CHD) surgery in pediatric patients. While recognized for its association with adverse clinical outcomes, comprehensive population-based studies examining POD incidence and risk factors in this vulnerable population remain scarce.
methodsUsing the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database (2010-2019), a retrospective study was performed of pediatric patients (<18 years) undergoing CHD-related surgeries. We evaluated demographics (race, sex, age), hospital characteristics (region of the hospital, type of admission, bed size of hospital, teaching status of hospital, type of insurance, location of hospital), mortality, length of stay (LOS), total charges, perioperative complications, and comorbidities.
resultsAmong 187,272 CHD surgery patients identified, POD was diagnosed in 3,857 (incidence 2.1%). Children with POD exhibited higher comorbidity burdens, increased total medical costs, prolonged LOS and increased rates of in-hospital mortality (P < 0.001). Independent predictors of POD included coagulopathy, fluid and electrolyte disorders, and preexisting paralysis. Additionally, POD was associated with in-hospital complications, including prolonged mechanical ventilation, acute renal failure, acute myocardial infarction, pneumonia, and respiratory failure.
conclusionsAlthough the incidence of POD following CHD surgery in children is relatively low, investigating its predisposing factors is clinically valuable for optimizing patient management and improving outcomes.
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