Evidence mapPaperPMID 42467641Full record

ArticlePloS one2026

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of antioxidant activity, acute toxicity, and antihyperglycemic effect of individual and binary mixtures of crude methanolic extracts of Cucurbita moschata and Bidens pilosa.

Hellen Phiri, Agape Lumai, Kadango Zombe, Evelyn Funjika, Peter Mubanga Cheuka, James Nyirenda

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Hellen PhiriDepartment of Pure and Applied Chemistry, School of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0771-6250
Agape LumaiDepartment of Pure and Applied Chemistry, School of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
Kadango ZombeDepartment of Pure and Applied Chemistry, School of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
Evelyn FunjikaDepartment of Pure and Applied Chemistry, School of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
Peter Mubanga CheukaDepartment of Pure and Applied Chemistry, School of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
James NyirendaDepartment of Pure and Applied Chemistry, School of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7122-3189

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundBidens pilosa (BP) and Cucurbita moschata (CM) are used to treat diabetes traditionally. Little is known scientifically about the toxicity and efficacy of the individual or binary mixtures on blood-sugar-lowering effects. Hence, this study carried out toxicity studies and examined the antidiabetic effects of these plants to support traditional knowledge. We report the phytochemical composition, total phenolic (TPC), flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity of individual and mixed methanolic BP and CM leaf extracts. We also report acute toxicity of the individual extracts. This study is the first to investigate the antidiabetic effects of a combined BP and CM leaf extract in alloxan-induced diabetic mice.

aimThe study aimed to determine toxicity and the blood-glucose-lowering effects of individual and combined mixtures of BP and CM on alloxan-induced diabetic mice. MATERIALS AND

methodsAcute toxicity of the extracts was assessed through the LD50 assay in rats after oral administration. TFC was measured using a modified aluminium chloride colourimetric method, while TPC was measured using the Folin-Ciocalteau's method. The antioxidant activity was analysed using the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) method, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assay. We investigated the antihyperglycemic effect of the extracts by measuring their blood-glucose-lowering effect in alloxan-induced diabetic mice.

resultsNo mortality or significant behavioural changes were observed at doses up to 10,000 mg/kg, suggesting a high safety margin for the two plants under study. Oral administration of the combined leaf extract of BP and CM in the ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1 w/w % showed that the BP: CM (1:2) extract at the concentration of 500 mg/kg significantly reduced blood glucose levels from 17.2 ± 0.15 mmol/L to 3.9 ± 0.04 mmol/L. The positive control, glibenclamide (5 mg/kg), reduced blood glucose levels from 17.0 mmol/L to 4.1 mmol/L, respectively (p < 0.0001).

conclusionIn vivo results of this study suggest that a combined leaf extract of B. pilosa and C. moschata may provide glucose-lowering effects as seen in mice though this is yet to be tested in humans. In addition, the extract may provide a nutritional source among Zambians. Acute toxicity results suggest that C. moschata and B. pilosa extracts are essentially safe, supporting their use as food and a potential source of nutraceuticals.

Indexed as

AntioxidantsBidensCucurbitaDiabetes Mellitus, ExperimentalHypoglycemic AgentsPlant ExtractsAlloxanAnimalsBlood GlucoseFlavonoidsMaleMethanolMicePhenolsPlant LeavesRatsAlloxanAntioxidantsBlood GlucoseFlavonoidsHypoglycemic AgentsMethanolPhenolsPlant Extracts

Identifiers

PMID42467641
PMCPMC13379003

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.