Evidence mapPaperPMID 42467713Full record

ReviewPLoS pathogens2026

Complement evasion by apicomplexans: Convergent strategies across diverse parasites.

Sofía Espinosa-Hernández, Carlos J Ramírez-Flores

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in PLoS pathogens, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Sofía Espinosa-HernándezDepartment of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico.
Carlos J Ramírez-FloresDepartment of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1485-3499

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Apicomplexan parasites encounter the complement system during extracellular stages of infection, where it imposes a major barrier to survival. Complement activation promotes pathogen elimination through opsonization, inflammation, and membrane attack complex (MAC) formation. To persist, apicomplexans deploy mechanistically distinct but functionally convergent strategies that modulate complement activity instead of fully inhibiting it. These include rapid invasion to limit extracellular exposure, recruitment of host complement regulatory proteins, surface shielding to prevent MAC insertion, and direct interference with complement activation. A central feature of these strategies is the regulation of C3 deposition and processing, which determines downstream effector outcomes. Here, we define a unifying framework for complement evasion across apicomplexans based on these four mechanisms.

Indexed as

ApicomplexaComplement ActivationComplement System ProteinsImmune EvasionAnimalsComplement Membrane Attack ComplexHost-Parasite InteractionsHumansComplement Membrane Attack ComplexComplement System Proteins

Identifiers

PMID42467713
PMCPMC13378998

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.