Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42468534›Full record

ArticleCell reports. Medicine2026

Programmable-bacteria-macrophage backpacks for enhanced solid tumor therapy via mechanobiological interplay.

Zhe Fan, Pengfei Chen, Shuangmei Zuo, Kehan Cai, Sitian Li, Haoyang Qin, Rui Li, Kyubae Lee, Tao Chen, Chenwang Jin and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cell reports. Medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Zhe FanHenan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, P.R. China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P.R. China.
Pengfei ChenThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P.R. China; Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China.
Shuangmei ZuoHenan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, P.R. China.
Kehan CaiThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P.R. China.
Sitian LiHenan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, P.R. China.
Haoyang QinThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P.R. China.
Rui LiThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P.R. China.
Kyubae LeeDepartment of Biomedical Materials, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea.
Tao ChenThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P.R. China.
Chenwang JinDepartment of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China. Electronic address: jcw76@163.com.
Jingchao LiState Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China. Electronic address: jcli@dhu.edu.cn.
Yazhou ChenHenan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, P.R. China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P.R. China. Electronic address: yzchenbio@zzu.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Current adoptive cell-based immunotherapies show limited efficacy against solid tumors, largely due to dynamic cellular phenotypic shifts and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). To address these challenges, we engineer therapeutic bacteria controlled by a temperature-actuated genetic switch. Brief exposure to focused ultrasound (US) hyperthermia activates this switch, driving sustained CCL21 release to recruit immune cells. These bacteria are surface-modified for bromelain conjugation and bacterial "backpack" formation on macrophages. Following in vitro co-incubation, bacteria-loaded macrophages are intravenously administered for tumor-targeted delivery. In vivo experiments confirm that system activation promotes macrophage repolarization toward a CD86-expressing phenotype within the TME and enhances immune cell infiltration. Moreover, treatment reduces collagen I deposition, weakens the mechanobiological properties of tumor cells, and mitigates tumor-mediated immune evasion. Collectively, this system remodels the immunosuppressive TME through macrophage-mediated bacterial delivery and US-triggered CCL21 release, facilitating dendritic cell and CD4

Indexed as

MacrophagesNeoplasmsAnimalsCell Line, TumorChemokine CCL21Dendritic CellsHumansMiceTumor MicroenvironmentChemokine CCL21adoptive cell-based therapybackpacksbacteriaextracellular matrix remodelingimmunotherapymechanobiological

Identifiers

PMID42468534
PMCPMC13522805

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.