Evidence mapPaperPMID 42470017Full record

ArticleMedicine2026

Exploring the cognitive effects of arthritis: A Mendelian randomization study and cross-sectional analysis of NHANES data.

Xin Wang, Linfang Deng, Tianyi Wang, Shaoting Luo

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In one paragraph

Article in Medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Xin WangDepartment of Operating Room, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
Linfang DengDepartment of Emergency, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.ORCID 0009-0000-8520-3103
Tianyi WangPharmaceutical Management Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China.
Shaoting LuoDepartment of Pediatric Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between cognitive performance and the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), emphasizing the role of plasma metabolites and proteins. Using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 to 2014 data, cognitive functions of participants aged >60 years were evaluated, examining their correlation with OA and RA. Covariates, including demographics and health-related factors, were included. Genetic causality was determined using Mendelian randomization with single-nucleotide polymorphisms from the UK Biobank and other datasets. Linkage disequilibrium score regression and colocalization analyses were performed to validate genetic correlations and identify shared genetic variants. Cognitive performance was assessed in 387 and 237 OA and RA patients, respectively, compared with 1569 controls. OA patients had significantly lower Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease-4 cognitive scores (odds ratio [OR]: 0.962, P = .001), while RA patients had lower digit symbol substitution test scores (OR: 0.980, P = .001). Mendelian randomization revealed a negative causal association between cognitive performance and OA (OR: 0.767, P = .001) and RA (OR: 0.712, P = .006). Plasma components, including bone sialoprotein 2, NKP44, and the metabolite X-11478, were causally linked to cognitive performance. Mediation analysis identified mediators, including FGR and 6CKine. Linkage disequilibrium score regression revealed a genetic correlation between cognitive performance and OA and RA, with colocalization analysis identifying shared genetic factors. GDF5 and TRAIP were associated with OA, and EHMT2 with RA. Cognitive factors, influenced by plasma components, may influence OA and RA onset. This relationship highlights the need for integrated interventions targeting cognitive function and joint health.

Indexed as

Arthritis, RheumatoidCognitionOsteoarthritisAgedCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleGrowth Differentiation Factor 5HumansLinkage DisequilibriumMaleMendelian Randomization AnalysisMiddle AgedNutrition SurveysPolymorphism, Single NucleotideGDF5 protein, humanGrowth Differentiation Factor 5cognitive performancegenetic causalityosteoarthritisplasma metabolitesrheumatoid arthritis

Identifiers

PMID42470017
PMCPMC13384627

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.