Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42470024›Full record

ArticleMedicine2026

Dose-response associations between physical fitness components and anxiety in Chinese university students: A focus on cardiorespiratory fitness and vital capacity.

Mengchan Gao, Hang Yin, Caizhu Gao, Huidong Wang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Mengchan GaoSchool of Physical Education, Changzhou Vocational Institute of Industry Technology, Changzhou, China.
Hang YinSchool of Sports Science, Anshan Normal University, Anshan, China.
Caizhu GaoSchool of Sports Science, Anshan Normal University, Anshan, China.
Huidong WangSchool of Physical Education, Changzhou Vocational Institute of Industry Technology, Changzhou, China.ORCID 0009-0005-2586-7860

Funding

the Education Project of Liaoning Provincial Social Science Planning Fund in 2024 L24BED001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite the mental health benefits of physical activity, the specific dose-response relationship between objectively measured physical fitness (especially cardiorespiratory fitness and lung capacity) and anxiety in youth is unclear. The purpose of this study is to explore the association between these indicators in Chinese college students. A cross-sectional analysis of 3878 undergraduate students was conducted. Anxiety was assessed using the generalized anxiety disorder 7-item scale (a score of ≥10 was positive). Objective measurement of cardiopulmonary function, muscle strength, flexibility and vital capacity, and according to national standards, excellent, good, pass, fail 4 grades. After controlling for demographics and health behaviors, adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for anxiety were calculated by multivariate logistic regression and analyzed graphically. The prevalence of anxiety was 24.9%. Cardiopulmonary function and muscle strength showed a clear negative dose-response relationship: compared with the excellent grade, the failing grade had the highest cardiopulmonary function related anxiety ratio (aOR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.50-3.08), followed by muscle strength (aOR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.18-2.60). There was a significant nonlinear association between spirometry and anxiety, with only a significantly higher risk of passing grade (aOR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.35-2.53). Comprehensive effect analysis showed that students who failed both heart, lung and muscle had the highest risk. Among the behavioral factors, poor sleep quality (aOR = 2.85) and frequent staying up late (aOR = 1.65) were most strongly associated with anxiety. This study demonstrates a significant negative dose-response association between higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength and lower odds of anxiety in college students, while vital capacity shows a complex nonlinear relationship. Improving these physical fitness components may be a feasible strategy associated with lower anxiety risk, although causality cannot be inferred from the cross-sectional design.

Indexed as

AnxietyCardiorespiratory FitnessPhysical FitnessStudentsAdolescentAdultChinaCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMuscle StrengthUniversitiesVital CapacityYoung Adultanxietycross-sectional studydose-response relationshipphysical fitnessuniversity studentsvital Capacity

Identifiers

PMID42470024
PMCPMC13384608

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.