Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42470259›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of rheumatic diseases2026

Clinicopathological Correlations, Treatment Response, and Predictors of Outcomes in Childhood Lupus Nephritis in China.

Bai-Xu Sun, Shi-Peng Li, Feng-Qiao Gao, Shuo Liu, Wei Zhao, Jun-Mei Zhang, Xiao-Hua Tan, Chao Li, Xuan-Yi Liu, Cai-Feng Li

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Article in International journal of rheumatic diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Bai-Xu SunDepartment of Rheumatology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.
Shi-Peng LiDepartment of Rheumatology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2549-7493
Feng-Qiao GaoDepartment of Rheumatology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7411-8197
Shuo LiuDepartment of Rheumatology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.
Wei ZhaoDepartment of Rheumatology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.
Jun-Mei ZhangDepartment of Rheumatology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1636-9382
Xiao-Hua TanDepartment of Rheumatology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.
Chao LiDepartment of Rheumatology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.
Xuan-Yi LiuDepartment of Rheumatology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1689-8129
Cai-Feng LiDepartment of Rheumatology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8217-6765

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo investigate clinicopathological correlations, treatment responses, and predictors of outcomes in childhood lupus nephritis (cLN).

methodsRetrospective cohort study of 71 biopsy-proven cLN patients at Beijing Children's Hospital (2005-2024). Renal biopsies were classified per 2018 ISN/RPS criteria with activity index (AI) and chronicity index (CI) assessment.

resultsOver a median 40-month follow-up, 69.1% were female (mean onset age 10.0 ± 2.3 years). Proliferative LN (Class III/IV ± V) accounted for 76.0%. AI correlated with acute injury markers (creatinine, BUN, proteinuria); CI showed stronger associations with chronic tubular biomarkers but not eGFR. Complete renal remission (CRR) was achieved in 92.8% (mean 13.4 months); 26.6% experienced relapse. Failure to achieve CRR was associated with higher AI (OR = 1.738, p = 0.045), elevated SLEDAI-2K (OR = 1.339, p = 0.023), and lower C3 (OR = 0.002, p = 0.035). Higher CI predicted lower likelihood of achieving LLDAS (OR = 1.425, p = 0.042). Belimumab reduced relapse risk (OR = 0.220, p = 0.043), decreased glucocorticoid doses (8.42 vs. 16.54 mg/day, p = 0.034), and improved LLDAS (68.4% vs. 30.0%, p = 0.006) and clinical remission rates (52.6% vs. 20.0%, p = 0.016). CKD developed in 4.3%; mortality was 1.4%.

conclusionModern treatment yields favorable outcomes for cLN. Baseline disease activity, hypocomplementemia, and histological AI predict treatment response. AI and CI demonstrate distinct associations with acute and chronic injury. Belimumab offers significant advantages in relapse prevention and glucocorticoid reduction.

Indexed as

GlucocorticoidsImmunosuppressive AgentsKidneyLupus NephritisAdolescentBeijingBiopsyChildChinaFemaleHumansMaleRecurrenceRemission InductionRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsGlucocorticoidsImmunosuppressive Agentsactivity indexbelimumabchildhood lupus nephritischronicity indexrenal pathologytreatment outcomes

Identifiers

PMID42470259
PMCPMC13379801

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.