Evidence mapPaperPMID 42470490Full record

ArticleJournal of molecular modeling2026

Evaluation of Itraconazole as a repurposed small molecule inhibitor of EMT in breast cancer: a molecular docking and dynamics study.

Prasanna Kumar Reddy Gayam, Aniruddha Murahar Kulkarni, Jesil Mathew Aranjani

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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of molecular modeling, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Prasanna Kumar Reddy GayamDepartment of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5032-364X
Aniruddha Murahar KulkarniDepartment of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0006-1704-1249
Jesil Mathew AranjaniDepartment of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India. jesil.m@manipal.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7666-3252

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

contextEpithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is a critical driver of metastasis and drug resistance in breast cancer. Repurposing FDA-approved drugs offers a rapid strategy to target EMT pathways. This study evaluates Itraconazole, an antifungal agent with reported anti-cancer properties, as a potential multi-target inhibitor of the EMT signaling network. We investigated the binding mechanism and selectivity of Itraconazole against four key EMT regulators: Smoothened (SMO), TGF-βR1, EGFR, and GLI1. Our results identify SMO as the primary target, exhibiting high binding affinity and thermodynamic stability. Conversely, EGFR and GLI1 displayed significant structural instability, indicating a lack of direct inhibition. The study provides atomic-level structural evidence supporting the repurposing of Itraconazole as a selective, combinatorial therapeutic agent to target EMT-driven metastasis.

methodsInduced Fit Docking (IFD) was performed using the Schrödinger IFD protocol and the Glide XP scoring function within the Schrödinger Maestro suite. The dynamic stability of the protein-ligand complexes was evaluated using 500 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with the Desmond software and the OPLS4 force field. To differentiate false positives and assess pose stability under enhanced sampling, Binding Pose Metadynamics (BPMD) was utilized. Thermodynamic binding free energies were calculated using the Thermal MM/GBSA method. All simulations were analyzed using the Simulation Interaction Diagram and trajectory clustering tools within Schrödinger.

Indexed as

Antineoplastic AgentsBreast NeoplasmsDrug RepositioningEpithelial-Mesenchymal TransitionItraconazoleMolecular Docking SimulationMolecular Dynamics SimulationFemaleHumansThermodynamicsAntineoplastic AgentsItraconazoleBreast cancerDrug repurposingEpithelial‒mesenchymal transitionItraconazoleMetastasisMolecular dynamics

Identifiers

PMID42470490
PMCPMC13380585

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.