ArticleScience China. Life sciences2026
Disparities in the global cancer burden attributable to modifiable risk factors: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.
Article in Science China. Life sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the magnitude and trends of cancer burden caused by various risk factors, in order to inform global cancer control strategies and interventions. We estimated age-standardized death rates (ASDR), age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALY) rates, percentage changes in age-standardized rates from 1990 to 2021 and from 2019 to 2021 for cancer-related deaths and DALYs attributable to all estimated risk factors across 204 countries and 21 regions. Globally in 2021, cancer deaths and DALYs attributable to all estimated risk factors have increased 1.69 and 1.52-fold for both sexes compared to 1990. The number of global deaths attributed to all estimated risk factors has increased for females from 0.86 million (95% UI, 0.68 million-1.05 million) in 1990 to 1.50 million (95% UI, 1.16 million-1.83 million) in 2021, and for males from 1.54 million (95% UI, 1.37 million-1.77 million) in 1990 to 2.56 million (95% UI, 2.20 million-2.99 million) in 2021. The number of DALYs related to all estimated risk factors worldwide has increased for females from 23.91 million (95% UI, 19.15 million-28.91 million) in 1990 to 38.21 million (95% UI, 29.81 million-46.07 million) in 2021, and for males from 41.85 million (95% UI, 37.12 million-48.16 million) in 1990 to 62.09 million (95% UI, 53.92 million-72.60 million) in 2021. However, the ASDR due to all estimated risk factors for females decreased from 40.80 per 100,000 (95% UI, 32.17-49.73) in 1990 to 32.67 per 100,000 (95% UI, 25.14-39.79) in 2021, and the age-standardized DALYs rate decreased from 1096.42 per 100,000 (95% UI, 875.47-1,312.43) in 1990 to 845.11 per 100,000 (95% UI, 659.67-1,017.53) in 2021. The global burden of cancers attributable to modifiable risk factors exhibits complex trends between 1990 and 2021. Implementing comprehensive cancer prevention strategies, including interventions targeting risk factors and improving access to healthcare services, is essential for reducing the burden of cancer.
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