Trial reportWorld journal of pediatrics : WJP2026
Effects of plyometric-based high-intensity interval training on muscle-to-fat ratio in children: protocol for a randomized controlled trial in primary school settings.
Trial report in World journal of pediatrics : WJP, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundChildhood obesity is associated with cardiometabolic and musculoskeletal health risks. Because fat reduction may be accompanied by loss of skeletal muscle, this trial aims to evaluate whether a plyometric-based high-intensity interval training (Plyo-HIIT) program improves muscle-to-fat ratio (MFR) in children aged 9-12 years.
methodsThis pragmatic, assessor-blinded, three-arm randomized controlled trial will recruit 210 children aged 9-12 years from primary schools in Hong Kong, China. Participants will be randomly assigned to Plyo-HIIT, structured fitness (SF) program, or the health education (HE) control group in a 1:1:1 ratio. Each group will engage in two 45-minute weekly sessions for 16 weeks. The Plyo-HIIT program involved developmentally appropriate plyometric exercise (e.g., jumping, skipping). The SF program includes moderate- to high-intensity activities maintaining 60%-80% of maximal heart rate. The HE group will receive weekly health education sessions. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, post-intervention (16 weeks), and at 6-month follow-up. The primary outcome will be MFR measured using magnetic resonance imaging. Secondary outcomes will include body composition, muscular fitness, cardiorespiratory fitness, flexibility, body mass index, physical activity, and cortisol levels.
resultsParticipant recruitment was conducted between September 26, 2024, and March 14, 2025. The 16-week intervention has been completed. However, as one participating cohort delayed the start date of the intervention, the 6-month follow-up assessments are still ongoing, with the final follow-up assessment scheduled for August 2026. No trial outcome data are reported in this protocol article.
conclusionsThis study is expected to provide evidence for the effectiveness of Plyo-HIIT in improving body composition by increasing the muscle-to-fat ratio among school-age children. This will support the integration of Plyo-HIIT training into school-based physical activity programs, offering a practical and time-efficient strategy to prevent early-onset obesity. By comparing Plyo-HIIT with the SF and HE groups, this study may further demonstrate the value of plyometric training for primary school settings.
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