Evidence mapPaperPMID 42472080Full record

ArticleClinical Medicine Insights. Cardiology2026

Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors Following Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients Without Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Muhammad Ahmed, Muhammad Hamza Shuja, Shajia Shakil, Huzaifa Ul Haque Ansari, Firzah Shakil, Muhammad Abdullah Naveed, Syed Atta Ur Rehman, Narmeen Shaikh, Syed Hassaan Ali, Haya Waseem Ansari and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical Medicine Insights. Cardiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Muhammad AhmedDepartment of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
Muhammad Hamza ShujaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3829-7298
Shajia ShakilDepartment of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
Huzaifa Ul Haque AnsariDepartment of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
Firzah ShakilDepartment of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
Muhammad Abdullah NaveedDepartment of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
Syed Atta Ur RehmanDepartment of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
Narmeen ShaikhDepartment of Internal Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Syed Hassaan AliDepartment of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
Haya Waseem AnsariDepartment of Internal Medicine, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
Faiza SajidDepartment of Biochemistry, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
Mustafa MurtazaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
Muhammad UsmanDepartment of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
Biruk Demisse AyalewDepartment of Internal Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8285-6233

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Sodium-glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have shown significant cardiovascular benefits in heart failure (HF) patients with diabetes mellitus or chronic kidney disease. However, their safety and efficacy in non-diabetic patients without HF presenting with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remain understudied. Methods: Databases including MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were queried through August 2025 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Data were pooled using a random-effects model using risk ratios (RR) and mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Five RCTs involving 9,135 patients (SGLT2i: 4,581 and placebo: 4,554) were included. On pooled analysis, SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with significantly reduced first HF hospitalization (RR: 0.74, p=0.02), improved LVEF (MD: 2.08; p=0.002), and reduced NT-proBNP levels (MD: 12.81; p < 0.0001). No significant differences were noted in all-cause mortality and the composite of first HF hospitalization with all-cause mortality. Conclusion: In non-diabetic patients without HF, SGLT2 inhibitors significantly reduce the first HF hospitalization and improve LVEF following AMI. The findings of this meta-analysis suggest that future research should evaluate the cardiovascular benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors in this patient population.

Indexed as

cardiovascular outcomesheart failuremeta-analysismyocardial infarctionSGLT2 inhibitors

Identifiers

PMID42472080
PMCPMC13379667

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.