ArticleEuropean archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery2026
Associations of combined lifestyle and genetic risk with incident head and neck cancer: a prospective study in the UK Biobank.
Article in European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeTo investigate the relationship between genetic risk and the four main lifestyle factors in HNC development.
methodsWe used data from 356,627 participants in the UK Biobank. Genetic risk was measured using a polygenic risk score (PRS), calculated as a weighted sum of risk alleles from four validated SNPs in previous GWAS. Participants were grouped into low, intermediate, and high genetic risk. Lifestyle scores(smoking, alcohol, activity, diet) were categorized as favorable, intermediate, or unfavorable.
resultsOver a median follow-up of 9.3 years, 658 incident HNC cases were identified. Cumulative incidence was 0.14% for low, 0.16% for intermediate, and 0.21% for high group. Compared with participants with an unfavorable lifestyle, those with a favorable lifestyle had significantly lower risk (HR: 0.30; 95% CI: 0.25-0.36; P < 0.001), as did those with an intermediate lifestyle (HR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.35-0.53; P < 0.001). Among high genetic-risk individuals, cumulative incidence was 0.15% for those with favorable lifestyles versus 0.63% for those with unfavorable lifestyles (HR: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.21-0.35; P < 0.001). Among low genetic-risk individuals, cumulative incidence was 0.11% for those with favorable lifestyles versus 0.44% for those with unfavorable lifestyles (HR: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.13-0.62; P < 0.001). These findings suggest unhealthy lifestyles substantially increase HNC risk.
conclusionGenetic risk and lifestyle are both associated with HNC risk. Healthy lifestyles can substantially lower HNC risk, even among high genetically susceptible individuals. Our findings emphasize the potential of lifestyle interventions in cancer prevention, regardless of genetic predisposition.
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