Evidence mapPaperPMID 42475818Full record

ArticleJACC. Advances2026

Zero Coronary Artery Calcium as a Marker of Vascular Resilience in High-Risk Adults.

Olusola A Orimoloye, Olufunmilayo H Obisesan, Albert D Osei, Omotola Oredipe, Mercedes R Carnethon, Michael J Blaha, Philip Greenland, Laura J Rasmussen-Torvik

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Article in JACC. Advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Olusola A OrimoloyeDivision of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Electronic address: olusola.orimoloye@northwestern.edu.
Olufunmilayo H ObisesanSection of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Albert D OseiDivision of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Omotola OredipeDepartment of Internal Medicine, John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Mercedes R CarnethonDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Michael J BlahaDivision of Cardiology and Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Philip GreenlandDivision of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Laura J Rasmussen-TorvikDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAtherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) prevention relies on risk estimation. Yet among adults labeled high risk by the Pooled Cohort Equations (≥20%), coronary heart disease (CHD) event rates vary, with some experiencing few events, raising the possibility of a resilient phenotype.

objectivesThis study aimed to investigate whether a coronary artery calcium (CAC) score of zero identifies a resilient lower-risk group among adults with high calculated ASCVD risk and compare their risk factor profiles with those with non-zero CAC.

methodsWe analyzed participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis with Pooled Cohort Equations-estimated ASCVD risk ≥20% and CAC data. Baseline characteristics were compared using standardized mean differences. Ten-year CHD events were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier methods, with HRs for CAC = 0 vs CAC >0 estimated using Cox models adjusted for age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Effect modification by age and sex was assessed.

resultsAmong 1,608 adults (mean age 73.2 years, 61.4% men) with ASCVD risk ≥20%, 359 (22.3%) had CAC = 0. Risk factors were similar between CAC groups, with standardized mean differences <0.20 for blood pressure, lipids, diabetes, and body mass index. Over 10 years, hard CHD incidence rates were 3.52 and 13.46 per 1,000 person-years for CAC = 0 and CAC >0, respectively. CAC = 0 was associated with lower CHD risk (HR: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.15-0.49). A significant CAC × age interaction (P = 0.023) indicated stronger protection at older ages.

conclusionsNearly one-quarter of adults labeled high ASCVD risk had CAC = 0 and accrued few events despite similar risk factor burden. CAC = 0 may mark a resilient phenotype warranting targeted mechanistic investigation.

Indexed as

atherosclerosiscohort studiescoronary heart diseaseprimary preventionrisk stratification

Identifiers

PMID42475818
PMCPMC13393660

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