Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42475876›Full record

ArticleBrazilian journal of physical therapy2026

Exploring equity in telehealth interventions in physiotherapy: A meta-epidemiological study.

Junior Vitorino Fandim, Lidia Carballo-Costa, Paloma Santana, Romy Parker, Maria Fernanda Jacob, Arianne Verhagen, Bruno Tirotti Saragiotto

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Brazilian journal of physical therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Junior Vitorino FandimMaster's & Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: junior.fandim@cs.unicid.edu.br.
Lidia Carballo-CostaUniversidade da Coruña, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Grupo de Investigación en Intervención Psicosocial y Rehabilitación Funcional, Campus de Oza, A Coruña, Spain. Electronic address: lidia.carballo@udc.es.
Paloma SantanaUniversidade Cidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: paloma312.brs@outlook.com.
Romy ParkerDepartment of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Pain Unit, University of Cape Town, South Africa. Electronic address: romy.parker@uct.ac.za.
Maria Fernanda JacobMasters & Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: mafejacob@hotmail.com.
Arianne VerhagenDiscipline of Physiotherapy, Graduate School of Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Electronic address: arianne.verhagen@uts.edu.au.
Bruno Tirotti SaragiottoDiscipline of Physiotherapy, Graduate School of Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Electronic address: bruno.tirottisaragiotto@uts.edu.au.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo assess equity in telehealth interventions in physiotherapy research using the PROGRESS plus framework.

methodsWe searched the PEDro, CENTRAL, and PubMed databases from January 2020 to December 2023 for randomized controlled trials evaluating the effectiveness of telehealth in physiotherapy. We selected, extracted, and assessed the characteristics and the PROGRESS factors. The PROGRESS Plus is a framework of factors that influence health outcomes. Telehealth studies were classified as equity-focused and oriented. Data were analyzed descriptively for the characteristics and the PROGRESS factors. We provided a hypothesis-testing approach to describe the three social gradient hypotheses.

resultsWe included 94 telehealth equity trials (n = 45 telehealth equity-focused; n = 49 telehealth equity-oriented). Telehealth equity-focused trials demonstrated favorable outcomes in 28 studies (62%), primarily addressing factors such as place of residence, race/ethnicity, and vulnerable populations. Telehealth equity-oriented showed favorable benefits in 15 cases (30%), while 33 trials (67%) incorporated more than one PROGRESS-Plus factor. Most trials showed no social gradients (86%), while few (12%) demonstrated a reduction in health inequities.

conclusionRobust evidence for equity-focused telehealth interventions in physiotherapy is uncertain; reported benefits vary, with some studies reporting similar outcomes and others favoring telehealth. Most telehealth equity-oriented trials no differential effects, although they provided some evidence of benefits specifically for disadvantaged populations. Telehealth equity studies often fail to systematically integrate PROGRESS factors throughout the entire research lifecycle.

Indexed as

Health equityMethodological studiesPhysical therapy modalitiesTelehealth

Identifiers

PMID42475876
PMCPMC13393600

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.