Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42477113›Full record

ArticleNature genetics2026

Promoter strength and position govern promoter competition through transcript-dependent insulation.

Mervenaz Koska, Masahiro Nagano, Tomek Swigut, Alistair Nicol Boettiger, Anders S Hansen, Joanna Wysocka

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Nature genetics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Improved vector toolkit for genome writing in mammalian cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Mervenaz KoskaDepartment of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3341-2979
Masahiro NaganoDepartment of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1228-4015
Tomek SwigutDepartment of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Alistair Nicol BoettigerDepartment of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Anders S HansenDepartment of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7540-7858
Joanna WysockaDepartment of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. wysocka@stanford.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6909-6544

Funding

Uncovering fundamentals of gene regulation by enhancersR35GM131757 · NIGMS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Joanna Wysocka · 2019 to 2026
$3.1M
Resolving transcription factor target search mechanismsR01CA300848 · NCI · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI Anders Sejr Hansen · 2024 to 2026
$2.9M
An integrated toolkit for real-time analysis of coupled nascent transcriptionR01EB035127 · NIBIB · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI Anders Sejr Hansen · 2024 to 2026
$1.3M
National Science Foundation (NSF) EF2022182NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM131757U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI) R01CA300848U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) R01EB035127U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) R35 GM131757
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Long-range competition among promoters within a shared regulatory landscape has been implicated in development and disease, but the determinants of promoter competition remain unclear. Here we introduce diverse promoters into defined genomic sites within the Sox2 locus and measure how these insertions attenuate endogenous Sox2 expression. We find that the level of reduction in endogenous Sox2 transcription is correlated with the strength of the inserted promoter. Transcription from the inserted promoter is required for competition, with longer transcripts resulting in more competition. The inserted active promoter and its associated transcriptional unit function as an insulator, rendering competition position dependent. Competition is counteracted by the HUSH-mediated silencing of the inserted promoters. Together, our work uncovers the rules governing promoter competition, highlights its impact on tuning gene expression levels and genome evolution, and suggests that transcriptional units producing transcripts of sufficient level and length can mediate insulation independently of CTCF and cohesin.

Indexed as

Insulator ElementsPromoter Regions, GeneticSOXB1 Transcription FactorsTranscription, GeneticAnimalsCCCTC-Binding FactorCell Cycle ProteinsChromosomal Proteins, Non-HistoneCohesinsGene Expression RegulationMiceRepressor ProteinsCCCTC-Binding FactorCell Cycle ProteinsChromosomal Proteins, Non-HistoneCohesinsRepressor ProteinsSOXB1 Transcription Factors

Identifiers

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.