Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42477490›Full record

ArticleNursing & health sciences2026

The Relationship Between Self-Efficacy, Emotional Intelligence, and Professional Identity Among Palestinian Intern Nursing Students in the West Bank.

Malakeh Z Malak, Hisham Zahran, Manar Bani Hani

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nursing & health sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Malakeh Z MalakCommunity Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2412-2999
Hisham ZahranAdult Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Arab American University, Jenin, Palestine.
Manar Bani HaniLeadership and Healthcare Management, Faculty of Nursing, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Research on professional identity and its associated factors among nursing interns remains limited, particularly in the Palestinian context. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the relationship between self-efficacy, emotional intelligence, and professional identity among Palestinian intern nursing students in the West Bank. A cross-sectional design was employed. A convenience sample of 201 intern nursing students was recruited between April and May 2025. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that included the New General Self-Efficacy Scale (NGSE), the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS), and the Professional Identity Scale for Nursing Students (PISNS). The results found that participants reported low levels of self-efficacy (M = 14.65, SD = 3.84), emotional intelligence (M = 2.43, SD = 0.56), and professional identity (M = 31.14, SD = 7.49). Professional identity was positively correlated with self-efficacy (r = 0.410, p < 0.001) and emotional intelligence (r = 0.477, p < 0.01). Both variables may contribute to professional identity. In conclusion, self-efficacy and emotional intelligence were positively associated with professional identity. However, causal inferences cannot be established due to the cross-sectional design. Longitudinal and experimental studies are needed before recommending targeted intervention programs.

Indexed as

ArabsEmotional IntelligenceSelf EfficacySocial IdentificationStudents, NursingAdultCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle EastPsychometricsSurveys and Questionnairesemotional intelligenceintern nursing studentsprofessional identityself‐efficacy

Identifiers

PMID42477490
PMCPMC13385458

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.