ArticleJournal of biochemical and molecular toxicology2026
Atorvastatin Reduces Alcohol-Related Cardiac and Liver Tissue Damage, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Apoptosis, and Thiol-Disulfide Imbalance in Rats.
Article in Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption causes significant cardio-hepatic damage. This study investigated the effects of standard (10 mg/kg) and high (40 mg/kg) doses of atorvastatin on fibrosis, hypertrophy, apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathways, and thiol/disulfide balance in alcohol-induced heart and liver injury. Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups (n = 8; 4 male/4 female): Control (CONT), ALCOHOL (2.5 g/kg 20% ethanol i.p./28 days), ATOR (10 mg/kg o.g./28 days), ALCOHOL + ATOR (10 mg/kg o.g./28 days) and ALCOHOL+ hATOR (40 mg/kg o.g./28 days). Histopathologically, alcohol caused cardiac myocyte dilation, vacuolization, inflammation, and hepatic cord disruption. While standard ATOR partially improved tissue architecture (p < 0.001), the ALCOHOL+ hATOR group showed the lowest severity. Alcohol exposure significantly increased apoptosis (Caspase-3, M30, M65), oxidative stress (TOS, OSI, MDA), ischemia (IMA), and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, HsCRP, Endothelin-1) across serum, heart, and liver samples, while decreasing TAS, total thiol, and native thiol levels (p < 0.001 for all vs. CONT). Conversely, high-dose atorvastatin (ALCOHOL + hATOR) significantly reversed alcohol-induced toxicity by decreasing Caspase-3, M30, M65, TOS, OSI, MDA, TNF-α, HsCRP, Endothelin-1, and disulfide levels, while significantly restoring TAS, total thiol, and native thiol levels (p < 0.001 vs. ALCOHOL). TAS was significantly higher in the ALCOHOL+hATOR group than the ALCOHOL + ATOR group (p < 0.001). Despite marked improvements by hATOR, OSI, TOS, IL-1β, and HsCRP levels remained higher than CONT (p < 0.001). High-dose atorvastatin (40 mg/kg) exerts robust pleiotropic, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant cytoprotection. By preserving thiol-disulfide homeostasis and limiting inflammation, high-dose atorvastatin effectively mitigates alcohol-induced subchronic cardiac and hepatic injury.
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