ArticleBMJ open2026
Association of iron status during early pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes: a retrospective cohort study in Shanghai.
Article in BMJ open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe association between maternal iron status and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains elusive. Clearer evidence is needed to inform appropriate ferritin thresholds and iron supplementation guidelines during pregnancy.
objectivesTo investigate whether first-trimester serum ferritin (SF) concentration is associated with subsequent GDM risk.
designRetrospective cohort study.
settingA tertiary obstetrics and gynaecology hospital in Shanghai, China.
participantsA total of 6429 low-risk pregnant women at fewer than 14 weeks of gestation were finally included. OUTCOME MEASURES: GDM was diagnosed using a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test according to the criteria established by the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG). Women were stratified by SF concentration into three groups: <30, 30-70 and >70 µg/L. Logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted ORs and 95% CIs for GDM, with the 30-70 µg/L group serving as the reference.
resultsGDM was diagnosed in 1215 women (18.9%). Elevated SF (>70 µg/L) was independently associated with increased GDM risk (adjusted OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.54) compared with the reference group (30-70 µg/L). Stratified analysis revealed that the association was significant only in normal-weight women (body mass index (BMI)<24 kg/m²; OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.79), while no significant association was observed in overweight or obese women, indicating effect modification by prepregnancy BMI.
conclusionsElevated first-trimester SF is independently associated with GDM risk in pregnant women at low-risk, with the association most pronounced among those with normal prepregnancy BMI.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.