Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42482833›Full record

ArticleGut microbes reports2026

Effect of perinatal ampicillin or amoxicillin/clavulanate exposure on maternal and infant gut microbiome, metabolome, and infant responses to the 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.

Emi Suzuki, Victoria Deleray, Jasmine Zemlin, Armin Kousha, Hannah Nonoguchi, Daniel Sun, Chih-Ming Tsai, Simone Zuffa, Kine Eide Kvitne, Pieter C Dorrestein and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Gut microbes reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Emi SuzukiDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Victoria DeleraySkaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Jasmine ZemlinSkaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Armin KoushaDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Hannah NonoguchiDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Daniel SunDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Chih-Ming TsaiDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Simone ZuffaSkaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Kine Eide KvitneSkaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Pieter C DorresteinSkaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Shirley M TsunodaSkaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Victor NizetDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
George Y LiuDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Fatemeh AskarianDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7438-4671

Funding

The impact of ampicillin and breast milk oligosaccharides on the infant microbiome and immune functionsP50HD106463 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Lars Bode, CHRISTINA CHAMBERS · 2021 to 2026
$19.6M
Unified Computation Tools for Natural Products ResearchR01GM107550 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI COTTRELL, GARRISON W, GERWICK, WILLIAM HENRY · 2013 to 2025
$8.2M
NICHD NIH HHS P50 HD106463NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM107550
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Emerging studies suggest that antibiotics can disrupt the gut microbiome and alter vaccine-induced immune responses. However, the specific consequences of early-life exposure on neonatal immune development remain poorly understood. Here, we examined how two antibiotics frequently used in perinatal care, broad-spectrum ampicillin (AMP) and the extended-spectrum combination amoxicillin/clavulanate (AMOX/CLAV), administered during gestation and lactation, influence neonatal gut microbiome composition, fecal metabolome profiles, and responses to the 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV20). Maternal treatment with AMOX/CLAV, but not AMP, significantly reduced PCV-specific IgG titers at 4 and 6 weeks post-prime immunization compared to untreated controls. Exclusive exposure to AMOX/CLAV also impaired neutrophil-mediated opsonophagocytic killing, indicating reduced antibody functionality. These effects were transient, with immune parameters normalizing by 8 weeks post-prime immunization. Metabolomic and microbiome profiling revealed that maternal AMP and AMOX/CLAV differentially perturbed specific metabolite classes, including bile acids, N-acyl lipids, and indole derivatives. Key commensal taxa, including Bacteroidales and Coriobacteriales were also impacted within the gut microbiota. Together, these findings reveal a previously underappreciated maternal-offspring route of antibiotic influence that is transiently associated with neonatal vaccine responsiveness and microbiome and metabolome alterations. These results highlight maternal antibiotic exposure as a possible modifiable factor shaping early-life immunity.

Indexed as

microbiome-metabolome interactionsPerinatal antibiotic exposurevaccine responsiveness

Identifiers

PMID42482833
PMCPMC13387116

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.