Evidence mapPaperPMID 42482992Full record

ReviewFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2026

Dynamic regulatory mechanism of cholesterol 25-hydroxylase-mediated antiviral response in RNA virus infections.

Zhengqi Liang, Simiao Xing, Yujia Chen, Miaoxin Liu, Suhua Chang, Yuchen Cai, Qing Xiong, Yao Xu, Jinbiao Liu

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Zhengqi LiangNational "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Simiao XingNational "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Yujia ChenNational "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Miaoxin LiuNational "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Suhua ChangNational "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Yuchen CaiNational "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Qing XiongNational "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Yao XuInstitute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Jinbiao LiuNational "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Due to their high mutation rates and adaptability, RNA viruses pose a persistent threat to public health. Cholesterol-25-hydroxylase (CH25H), an interferon-stimulated gene (ISG), produces 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC), which plays a pivotal role in host defense against RNA virus infections. However, infection outcomes are determined by the dynamic interplay between viral infection and host immune defense, including cholesterol metabolism mediated by CH25H/25HC axis. This review aims to comprehensively elucidate the mechanisms underlying the interaction between CH25H/25HC and RNA viruses. We summarize recent advances in understanding the antiviral mechanisms of CH25H/25HC against RNA viruses, highlighting the central role of CH25H and its metabolite 25HC in inhibiting viral replication and regulating immune cell function. Furthermore, we discuss how RNA viruses evade host immune surveillance through strategies such as gene mutation, suppression of immune pathways, and interference with CH25H expression or function. Moreover, we emphasize endolysosomal cholesterol homeostasis as a host determinant of RNA virus entry, endosomal escape, trafficking, and replication, and discuss cholesterol-modulating host-directed therapies as complementary strategies to direct-acting antivirals. The findings indicate that dynamic regulation of CH25H and its metabolite 25HC is crucial for maintaining a balanced innate immune response against RNA viruses. This review comprehensively elucidated the dynamic molecular interactions between CH25H and RNA viruses, integrating recent research advances with a focus on molecular regulatory mechanisms. By synthesizing these findings, this review provided a mechanistic framework for understanding host-virus conflicts centered on cholesterol metabolism and proposed potential therapeutic strategies targeting this axis.

Indexed as

Host-Pathogen InteractionsRNA VirusesRNA Virus InfectionsSteroid HydroxylasesAnimalsAntiviral AgentsCholesterolHost-Directed TherapyHumansHydroxycholesterolsImmune EvasionImmunity, InnateVirus InternalizationVirus Replication25-hydroxycholesterolAntiviral AgentsCholesterolcholesterol 25-hydroxylaseHydroxycholesterolsSteroid Hydroxylasesantiviral responseCH25Hcholesterollipid metabolismregulatory mechanismsRNA virus evasion

Identifiers

PMID42482992
PMCPMC13384843

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.