ReviewResearch (Washington, D.C.)2026
Evolution of 3D-Printed Microneedles toward Closed-Loop Theranostic Platforms.
Review in Research (Washington, D.C.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Advancements in biomedical interfaces increasingly demand technologies that can seamlessly bridge the gap between biological tissues and therapeutic systems. Microneedle (MN) technology has emerged as a minimally invasive platform for transdermal drug delivery (TDD) and biosensing, offering tunable geometries, efficient skin penetration, and reduced patient discomfort. However, the inherent limitations of conventional microfabrication techniques in terms of structural complexity, multi-material compatibility, and functional modularization have markedly constrained the development of next-generation biomedical systems. In recent years, 3-dimensional (3D) printing has positioned itself as a highly promising additive manufacturing (AM) technology, offering exceptional design freedom and high-resolution fabrication capabilities for the development of MN platforms with embedded microchannels and integrated multifunctionality. Herein, a comprehensive analysis of recent progress in 3D-printed MNs is provided, with emphasis placed on advances in architectural innovations, intelligent system integration, and their expanding applications in personalized drug delivery and intelligent theranostic platforms. Furthermore, an in-depth examination of the core challenges hindering the clinical translation of 3D-printed MNs, particularly regarding manufacturing processes, material selection, and standardization requirements, is presented, offering a forward-looking perspective on the paradigm shift of MNs from passive delivery terminals to active, closed-loop health platforms.
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.