ArticleDaru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences2026
Solid nano-lipoidal intelligent premix (SNIP): designing, optimization, and characterization.
Article in Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBicalutamide possesses very low oral bioavailability due to its low water solubility and p-gp efflux. The present invention aimed to improve the solubility and availability of Bicalutamide at the absorption site using Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and to design a patient- and industry-friendly solid nanolipoidal intelligent premix (SNIP). Exploring natural excipients is another aim.
methodsVarious oils, surfactants, and cosurfactants were employed to investigate the Bicalutamide solubility. EGCG was used as a p-gp substrate to improve the absorption of Bicalutamide. An optimum proportion was defined through a pseudo-ternary phase diagram. The influence of the Soluplus as a precipitation inhibitor was assessed. Significant variables were screened using a qualitative risk assessment to design a self-nano-emulsifying drug delivery system. The influence of significant variables, such as amounts of sunflower oil, Tween 20, and Span 80, was identified using a D-optimal mixture design. SNEDDs were characterized using morphological and chemical tests. Optimal SNEDDs were adsorbed to form SNIP and characterized.
resultsSunflower oil, T20, and S80 were scrutinized as oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant based on Bicalutamide solubility. Soluplus was identified as effective at a 5% concentration as a parachute. A 1:3 proportion of Sunflower oil, Tween 20, and Span 80 was chosen from a pseudo-ternary diagram. The optimal SNEDDs have Sunflower oil (0.11mL), Tween 20 (0.14mL), and Span 80 (0.74mL), which showed immediate emulsification (13 s), nano, uniform globule size (254.4 nm and PDI < 0.5), and higher stability (-21.3 mV to -21.3 mV zeta potential). XRD, FTIR, DSC, and in-vitro dissolution revealed the amorphous nature and higher solubility of SNIP. The ex vivo method confirmed the effect of EGCG, showing higher absorption (96.75 ± 1.23%) at 2.5 min. Better thermodynamic stability was observed for optimal SNIP.
conclusionSunflower oil was explored as a natural oil in designing SNIP. SNIP design was significantly affected by the formulation variables. SNIP showed higher dissolution and solubility compared to pure Bicalutamide. EGCG was effective in improving the availability of Bicalutamide at the absorption site. SNIP may undergo lymphatic absorption, bypassing first-pass metabolism. The designed SNIP was novel, industrial-friendly, and patient-convenient.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.