ArticlePloS one2026
Psychometric properties and standardization of the shortened latvian personality inventory (LPI-v3s) in athlete sample: Implications for evidence-based assessment.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivePersonality traits are relevant to sport participation and athlete development. Many personality measures used in sport lack systematic psychometric evaluation within athletic populations and are rarely accompanied by population-appropriate normative references. The present research comprised two interlinked studies aimed at empirically examining and refining a shortened version of the Latvian Personality Inventory (LPI-v3s) for use in athlete samples, and at exploring associations between personality traits and sport achievement status.
methodsA total of 925 athletes (aged 15-45 years) representing 84 sports participated in the study. Following data screening, two subsamples were formed: Study 1 (n = 436) for psychometric evaluation and norm development, and Study 2 (n = 753) for exploratory criterion-related analyses. In Study 1, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted, and measurement invariance across gender was examined using multigroup CFA. Continuous regression-based norming procedures were applied to derive age- and gender-specific T-scores. In Study 2, hierarchical binary logistic regression was used to explore associations between personality traits and competitive status (elite/pre-elite vs. non-elite).
resultsThe resulting 53-item LPI-v3s demonstrated an interpretable five-factor structure comprising 14 trait scales, acceptable to good internal consistency (α = 0.72-0.88), and configural, metric, and scalar invariance across gender groups. Exploratory hierarchical binary logistic regression analyses indicated that selected trait-level variables (most notably Anxious Insecurity, Sociability and Orderliness) showed small-to-moderate associations with competitive status, with modest overall classification performance (AUC = 0.64).
conclusionsThe findings support the internal consistency and measurement adequacy of the LPI-v3s within this athlete sample and underscore the importance of contextualized, cautious interpretation of personality scores in sport-related research. Given the provisional nature of the factorial structure and the modest predictive performance observed in Study 2, the LPI-v3s may be useful for research and exploratory assessment contexts involving Latvian-speaking athletes, but should not be used as a diagnostic, selection, or talent-identification tool.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.