ArticleMagnetic resonance in medicine2026
Flow 2.0: A Standardized Toolbox for Real-Time Phase-Contrast MRI of Neurofluid Dynamics.
Article in Magnetic resonance in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeReal-time phase-contrast MRI (RT-PC) enables continuous quantification of physiological flow dynamics across multiple temporal frequencies, but its broader application is limited by complex and fragmented post-processing workflows. We developed Flow 2.0, a standardized toolbox for RT-PC designed to integrate segmentation, flow quantification, visualization, and multi-frequency signal analysis within a unified environment. THEORY AND
methodsFlow 2.0 integrates automated ROI segmentation, background phase correction, velocity aliasing correction, interactive waveform visualization, cardiac cycle reconstruction, and Hermitian-preserving frequency-domain processing. A phase-resolved respiratory modulation module enables systematic evaluation of respiratory influences through temporal phase shifting and cycle-based multi-parameter analysis. The framework was demonstrated using representative RT-PC datasets acquired under free and sustained deep breathing conditions.
resultsAutomated processing of 500-frame RT-PC datasets was completed within seconds while preserving signal phase integrity. Cardiac cycle reconstruction and respiratory phase classification were consistently applied across acquisition conditions. The phase-resolved analysis module enabled visualization and quantification of respiratory modulation across multiple flow-derived parameters, including mean flow, stroke volume, and cardiac-related metrics.
conclusionFlow 2.0 provides a standardized and extensible toolbox for RT-PC MRI, enabling reproducible, phase-resolved, and multi-parametric analysis of neurofluid dynamics within a unified processing environment.
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