ArticleClinical case reports2026
Azoospermia, Atrophy, and Asymmetry: Unilateral Sertoli Cell Tumor as a Rare and Overlooked Cause of Male Infertility: A Case Report and Literature Review.
Article in Clinical case reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Sertoli cell tumors are uncommon sex-cord stromal tumors making up < 2% of testicular tumors and have been reported to be associated with endocrine dysfunction that could compromise male fertility. Herein, we present a 34-year-old Pakistani male with primary infertility, azoospermia, enlargement of right testis, and contralateral severe testicular atrophy. Hormone analysis showed decreased testosterone level, high follicle-stimulating hormone, and high levels of estradiol with normal levels of serum tumor markers. Ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed a right intratesticular well-defined mass with severe testicular atrophy of the left testis. Right radical orchidectomy was done. Histopathology revealed benign NOS-type Sertoli cell tumor with positive staining for vimentin and calretinin. Non-tumorous testicular parenchyma showed severe impairment in spermatogenesis with Johnsen score 2-3. After the procedure, normalizing hormones were observed but azoospermia persisted. Our report underscores the occurrence of contralateral testicular atrophy with azoospermia due to a unilateral Sertoli cell tumor probably due to chronic estrogen elevation. Evaluation of patients with Sertoli cell tumors for endocrine disorders, fertility assessments, and discussion of fertility preservation measures including onco-testicular sperm extraction needs to be considered.
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