Evidence mapPaperPMID 42487672Full record

Trial reportJournal of medicine and life2026

Effects of combined metformin and cabergoline versus metformin alone on inflammatory markers in Iraqi patients with PCOS and hyperprolactinemia: a randomized clinical trial.

Inas Naser Hamad, Sinaa Abdul Amir Kadhim, Mohammad Bassim, Swadi Asma, Fawzi Hayder Adnan

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Journal of medicine and life, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Inas Naser HamadMaternity and Pediatric Teaching Hospital, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq.
Sinaa Abdul Amir KadhimDepartment of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq.
Mohammad BassimDepartment of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq.
Swadi AsmaDepartment of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq.
Fawzi Hayder AdnanDepartment of Pharmacy, Al-Mustafa University College, Baghdad, Iraq.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is by far the most prevalent metabolic disease affecting women during their reproductive life. Obesity is a frequently associated manifestation of polycystic ovary syndrome. Central body fat accumulation has been associated with the production of a variety of cytokines associated with low-grade inflammation in polycystic ovary syndrome. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of metformin and cabergoline, each alone and in combination, on several immune markers in women with hyperprolactinemia. The three-arm interventional study included 75 women with PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria. They were categorized into three groups: those given metformin alone, those given cabergoline alone, and those given combined agents. Baseline and follow-up characteristics included immune markers such as anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD) antibodies, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antibodies, and interleukin-18 (IL-18). It was observed that the use of either drug alone resulted in no significant change in the level of anti-GAD; however, combined use of the two drugs resulted in a significant reduction in the level, indicating that these two drugs acted synergistically. It was observed that the combined use of either drug resulted in a more significant reduction of GnRH antibody level. It was observed that the combined use of either drug resulted in a more significant reduction of IL-18 level (

Indexed as

ErgolinesHyperprolactinemiaInflammationMetforminPolycystic Ovary SyndromeAdultBiomarkersCabergolineDrug Therapy, CombinationFemaleGonadotropin-Releasing HormoneHumansInterleukin-18IraqYoung AdultBiomarkersCabergolineErgolinesGonadotropin-Releasing HormoneInterleukin-18MetforminAMH, anti-Müllerian hormoneBMI, body mass indexELFA, enzyme-linked fluorescent immunoassayFSH, follicle-stimulating hormoneGnRHhormonesLH, luteinizing hormoneobesityPCOS, polycystic ovary syndromePolycystic ovary syndromePRL, prolactinT2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitusTSH, thyroid-stimulating hormoneUS, ultrasound

Identifiers

PMID42487672
PMCPMC13389816

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.