ArticleFrontiers in neurology2026
Migraine phenotypes defined by disability, pain topography and autonomic features: association with serum vitamin D status.
Article in Frontiers in neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Migraine presents with substantial clinical heterogeneity, yet studies examining the link between vitamin D and migraine typically treat patients as a uniform group. Whether distinct clinical phenotypes harbor differential vitamin D levels remains unexplored. This study aimed to identify data-driven migraine phenotypes using cluster analysis and to compare serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels within this clinical population, across these phenotypes. This retrospective chart review included 95 migraine patients with complete data on HIT-6, MIDAS grade, attack severity, disease duration, pain lateralization, autonomic symptoms, and serum vitamin D. K-means clustering (k = 4) was applied to sixteen standardized clinical features; cluster stability was quantified by bootstrap resampling, and findings were corroborated using cluster-independent regression and alternative clustering algorithms suited to mixed data. Vitamin D was compared across clusters using Kruskal-Wallis and ANOVA tests. Logistic regression assessed whether vitamin D predicted severe phenotype membership adjusting for age, sex, and duration. Four phenotypes emerged: a left-sided aura-rich cluster (
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