Pharmacovigilance assessment of gout: a real-world study using the FAERS database.

Objective: Drug intervention is a key method for preventing gout, various drugs have been implicated as potential risk factors in individual studies. This study aims to comprehensively identify drugs linked to the development of gout. Methods: Data were obtained from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), and disproportionality analysis was employed to quantitatively assess the associations between drugs and gout. Four complementary signal detection methods-Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR), Proportional Reporting Ratio (PRR), Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN), and Multi-item Gamma Poisson Shrinker (MGPS)-were utilized. To further delineate exposure-outcome relationships and identify influential predictors, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression was implemented. Time-to-onset (TTO) analysis was conducted to examine the temporal dynamics between drug initiation and the occurrence of gout. Finally, a comprehensive assessment of the therapeutic indications of the drugs was performed. Results: A total of 35 drugs were ultimately identified as potentially associated with the onset and progression of gout. Among these, several agents have been previously reported in the literature as having possible links to gout development. In addition, a number of novel candidates were detected for which evidence of an association with gout remains limited or has not been clearly established. These include Lenalidomide, Sacubitril valsartan, Ruxolitinib, Treprostinil, Octreotide, Selexipag, Rosuvastatin, Sitagliptin, Riociguat, Epoprostenol, Patiromer, Dasabuvir ombitasvir paritaprevir ritonavir, Tafamidis, Sparsentan, and Iloprost. Furthermore, TTO analysis suggested that approximately 75% of gout events occurred within 0.6 years following initiation of therapy. These pharmacotherapeutic agents are employed across diverse clinical settings, encompassing haematological malignancies, cardiovascular diseases, and pulmonary hypertension. Conclusion: These findings suggest the potential for targeted monitoring of drug-associated gout in clinical practice. When administering these medications, it may be crucial to regularly assess patients' uric acid levels and maintain heightened awareness for the possible onset of gout.