ArticleBrain communications2026
Distinct brain regions are affected by neurodevelopmental or pre-dementia changes in Down syndrome.
Article in Brain communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Down syndrome, a condition characterized by triplication of chromosome 21, leads to a complex interplay between neurodevelopmental and dementia-related changes similar to the ones observed in Alzheimer's disease. Here we aimed to understand this interplay by using imaging biomarkers for different cognitive profiles in Down syndrome, and by analysing early developmental differences versus age-related changes. We analysed voxel-based morphometric measures of grey matter volume from high-resolution T1-weighted MRI in 23 adults with Down syndrome (18-59 years, five female) in preclinical/prodromal stages of Alzheimer's disease and 24 age- and sex-matched controls, along with cognitive assessments. Neuroanatomical group differences were assessed using two-sample t-tests. Age-related effects on brain integrity, and cognitive function were examined through voxel-wise regression analyses and correlation tests, respectively. Finally, structural correlates of episodic memory were explored across the whole brain at the voxel level within the Down syndrome group. Results revealed a neuroanatomic phenotype with both regional increases and decreases in grey matter volume compared to controls (false discovery rate,
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