ReviewEuropean cardiology2026
Clinical Pharmacology of Heart Failure in Frailty.
Review in European cardiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Frailty is an important consideration in the pharmacological management of heart failure (HF). A complex bidirectional relationship exists between HF and frailty, particularly for individuals with advanced stages of HF and severe frailty. Physiological changes, due to biological ageing and frailty in the presence of multiple chronic conditions and polypharmacy can limit optimisation of pharmacotherapy due to the increased risk of severe adverse events, leading to poorer outcomes in individuals with HF. While our understanding of the impact of frailty on HF aetiology and treatments is still emerging, HF may contribute to or worsen symptoms of frailty. This narrative review describes the interactions between clinical pharmacology and frailty and how to consider these in HF management. We examine the impact of physiological changes in HF and frailty on pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics effectiveness and safety of HF pharmacotherapy in men and women. There are significant opportunities to integrate frailty assessment in emerging research and models of care for HF.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.