ReviewBiotechnology journal2026
Immune Microenvironment Engineering for Functional Periodontal Regeneration: Mechanisms, Biomaterial Strategies, and Translational Perspectives.
Review in Biotechnology journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by irreversible destruction of alveolar bone, periodontal ligament attachment, and supporting tooth structures. Emerging evidence suggests that periodontal tissue breakdown and regenerative failure are primarily driven by dysregulation of the local immune microenvironment rather than by direct bacterial insult. Therefore, conventional therapies focused primarily on microbial control are insufficient to restore immune homeostasis and functional regeneration of the cementum-periodontal ligament-alveolar bone complex. Effective periodontal regeneration requires coordinated infection management, immune modulation, oxidative stress clearance, and inflammatory microenvironment reprogramming to relieve the suppression of regenerative cells, particularly periodontal ligament stem cells. This review summarizes key regulatory networks of the periodontal immune microenvironment, with emphasis on macrophage polarization, neutrophil heterogeneity, and the imbalance between Th17 cells and regulatory T cells. We further discuss recent immune-engineering strategies for restoring periodontal homeostasis, including surface-modified biomaterials, ion-delivery systems, stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles, gene-editing technologies, and smart responsive therapeutic scaffolds. Advances in single-cell and spatial transcriptomics have revealed previously unrecognized functional subpopulations, such as NLRP3
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