Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42490965›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in rehabilitation sciences2026

PETRA: a pedestal exoskeletal testbed with real-time architecture for upper limb rehabilitation robotics.

Andres Garcia, Kevin Fernández, Andres Nenger, Redhwan Algabri, Carlos Salazar, Jonathan Leon, Francisco Yumbla

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Andres GarciaFacultad de Ingeniería en Mecánica y Ciencias de la Producción, Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Guayaquil, Ecuador.
Kevin FernándezFacultad de Ingeniería en Mecánica y Ciencias de la Producción, Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Guayaquil, Ecuador.
Andres NengerFacultad de Ingeniería en Mecánica y Ciencias de la Producción, Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Guayaquil, Ecuador.
Redhwan AlgabriDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Carlos SalazarFacultad de Ingeniería en Electricidad y Computación, Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Guayaquil, Ecuador.
Jonathan LeonFacultad de Ingeniería en Mecánica y Ciencias de la Producción, Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Guayaquil, Ecuador.
Francisco YumblaFacultad de Ingeniería en Mecánica y Ciencias de la Producción, Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Guayaquil, Ecuador.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

More than 85% of stroke survivors present motor impairment in the upper limb, yet access to rehabilitation robotics remains concentrated in high-income countries due to costs exceeding 10,000 USD and architectures dependent on external computers. This economic barrier limits the ability of researchers in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to develop and validate new therapeutic strategies. This article presents PETRA (Pedestal Exoskeletal Testbed with Real-time Architecture), an open-source, 3-degree-of-freedom kinematic validation testbed manufactured in PETG for upper limb rehabilitation research at a cost under 25 USD per joint. PETRA adopts a fixed pedestal configuration that decouples the robot's dynamics from the user's biomechanical disturbances, providing a controlled environment for characterizing parametric cycloidal transmissions and deterministic dual-core firmware without PC/ROS dependency. Experimental validation with over 300 trials confirms positioning accuracies within clinical requirements while identifying polymer friction as the primary technical constraint. By providing a low-cost, replicable methodological standard, PETRA facilitates the transition from conceptual design to robust assistive technology in institutions with limited resources.

Indexed as

additive manufacturingexoskeletal platformexoskeletal testbedopen-sourcerehabilitation roboticstrapezoidal motion

Identifiers

PMID42490965
PMCPMC13375798

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.