ReviewFrontiers in aging2026
Aging and vaccines: impact of immunosenescence and inflammaging in vaccine response.
Review in Frontiers in aging, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Historically, effective vaccination has saved millions of lives and made an enormous contribution to addressing global public health threats. However, aging is an inevitable factor that negatively affects vaccine effectiveness and efficacy. With age, humans develop dysregulation of innate immune pathways, increased levels of proinflammatory markers, thymic involution, declines in T- and B-cell numbers and function, dysregulated metabolism, and epigenetic alterations. Immunosenescence, the gradual deterioration of host immunity with age, plays a critical role in susceptibility to infection, disease progression, and vaccine efficacy. Immunosenescence is often accompanied by inflammaging, an age-related increase in proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine levels. This multifactorial and dynamic process can lead to poor vaccine responses, potentially resulting in higher morbidity and mortality in older adults. Therefore, research focused on understanding the impact of immunosenescence and inflammaging on vaccine response will undoubtedly help optimize vaccine delivery among elderly individuals. In this review, we summarize the most recent knowledge on the multifactorial effects of age-induced immunosenescence and inflammaging and their role in vaccine efficacy against respiratory tract infections. The review further discusses strategic approaches such as IL-7 therapy, senolytic therapy, increasing telomerase activity, use of mTOR inhibitors, B cell therapy, development of broader vaccines and new adjuvants, and positive lifestyle changes, to enhance vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy in older adults. This could provide theoretical insights to improve vaccine effectiveness in the elderly and help address major global health issues.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.