ArticleFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology2026
Real-time 3D cardiac tissue implementation for arrhythmia detection and management.
Article in Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Introduction: This paper presents a high-performance, real-time hardware implementation of 3D cardiac tissue for the detection and management of complex arrhythmias. Methods: Utilizing the Aliev-Panfilov reaction-diffusion model, we simulate electrical wave propagation in a 200×200×3 lattice comprising 120,000 nodes. To achieve real-time performance on a Xilinx Virtex-7 Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), we developed a massively parallel architecture based on a multi-precision fixed-point arithmetic framework. This approach ensures high physiological fidelity with a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 10 compared to 64-bit floating-point simulations, while significantly optimizing resource utilization. Results: Operating at 125 MHz, the proposed processor achieves a full lattice update in 0.96 ms, providing a 56-fold acceleration margin over biological real-time dynamics. Furthermore, the system incorporates a hardware-level supervisory layer that monitors wave-break density and dominant frequency to classify cardiac states into Periodic Spiral (PS), Quasi-Periodic (QS), and Spiral Turbulence (ST). Discussion: This "digital twin-inspired framework" framework enables sub-millisecond, closed-loop therapeutic interventions, facilitating the autonomous management of life-threatening arrhythmic conditions with a total power consumption of 5.42 W.
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