Evidence mapPaperPMID 42491589Full record

ReviewCureus2026

Systems-Based Approaches to Cardiometabolic and Chronic Disease Management in Adult Clinical Practice: A Systematic Review.

Anand Sekar G, Niveda Ashokkumar, Avijit Saha, Raghunandan D, Hariballav Mahapatra, Hairya Ajaykumar Lakhani

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Anand Sekar GDepartment of Cardiology, Aarupadai Veedu Medical College, Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation (VMRF-DU), Puducherry, IND.
Niveda AshokkumarDepartment of General Medicine, Meenakshi Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Kanchipuram, IND.
Avijit SahaDepartment of General Medicine, The West Bengal University of Health Sciences, Kolkata, IND.
Raghunandan DDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, Indira Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, IND.
Hariballav MahapatraDepartment of Diabetology, Sevayan Diabetes Centre, Puri Shree Hospitals, Bhubaneswar, IND.
Hairya Ajaykumar LakhaniDepartment of Internal Medicine, Smt. B. K. Shah Medical Institute and Research Centre, Vadodara, IND.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cardiometabolic and chronic diseases frequently coexist in adult clinical practice, creating complex care needs across hypertension, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, dyslipidemia, obesity, and multimorbidity. This systematic review evaluated systems-based approaches for adult cardiometabolic and chronic disease management, including integrated care, multidisciplinary teams, chronic care management, shared medical appointments, telemonitoring, pharmacist- and nurse-supported care, and technology-assisted models. A structured search identified 252 records; after duplicate removal, title and abstract screening, and full-text eligibility assessment, 11 studies were included. Because the studies differed in design, setting, population, intervention components, follow-up duration, and outcome reporting, findings were synthesised narratively. The strongest and most consistent effects were observed for intermediate clinical outcomes, especially systolic blood pressure and HbA1c, particularly when interventions incorporated structured monitoring, medication optimisation, patient education, multidisciplinary input, and coordinated follow-up. Several studies also reported improvements in quality of life, anxiety symptoms, medication safety, provider workload, reimbursement feasibility, and care coordination. Findings for lipid control, body mass index, behavioural outcomes, and major cardiovascular, renal, or mortality endpoints were less consistent. Risk of bias varied, with randomised trials generally showing fewer concerns than retrospective, nonrandomized, and quality-improvement studies. Overall, systems-based care may improve risk-factor control and care processes in adults with cardiometabolic multimorbidity, but larger pragmatic trials with longer follow-up are needed to determine whether these benefits translate into durable reductions in complications, hospitalisation, and mortality.

Indexed as

cardiometabolic diseasechronic disease managementintegrated caremultidisciplinary caretelemonitoring

Identifiers

PMID42491589
PMCPMC13378037

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.