ArticleTobacco induced diseases2026
Association between household secondhand smoke exposure and ADHD in US children aged 4-15 years: Evidence from NHANES 1999-2004.
Article in Tobacco induced diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionHousehold tobacco smoke (or secondhand smoke, SHS) exposure is a common type of environmental exposure among children, and it may be associated with the development of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, current findings remain inconsistent. This study aimed to examine the association between household SHS exposure and ADHD among US children, and to provide an epidemiological foundation for ADHD prevention and tobacco-control interventions targeting pediatric populations.
methodsThis is a secondary analysis of pooled secondary data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2004. ADHD cases were identified through questionnaire-based assessments, and participants were categorized into exposed and non-exposed groups according to whether or not any household member smoked inside the home. Weighted multivariate logistic regression models were employed to evaluate the association between household SHS exposure and ADHD. In addition, subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted.
resultsA total of 6790 children were included in the analysis, of whom 452 (7.97%) were classified as having ADHD. The prevalence of household SHS exposure was significantly higher among children with ADHD compared to those without (36.25% vs 22.77%, p<0.001). After adjustment for multiple confounding variables, household SHS exposure remained significantly associated with ADHD (OR=1.583; 95% CI: 1.166-2.150). Subgroup analyses stratified by sex, age, race, poverty-income ratio (PIR), body mass index (BMI), and birth weight showed that the association remained generally consistent across all strata (all p for interaction >0.05). Sensitivity analyses further confirmed the positive association between household SHS exposure and ADHD (all p<0.05).
conclusionsHousehold SHS exposure was significantly associated with ADHD among US children within our cross-sectional analysis. Future prospective investigations are required to clarify the causal relationship underlying this association.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.