Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42493641›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of clinical pharmacology2026

Distribution of citalopram enantiomers following medication with racemic citalopram - a naturalistic therapeutic drug monitoring study.

Ketil Arne Espnes, Arne Hønnås, Eirik Skogvoll, Olav Spigset

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Ketil Arne EspnesDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Torgarden, P.O. Box 3250, 7006, Trondheim, Norway. ketil.arne.espnes@stolav.no.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3566-3328
Arne HønnåsDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Torgarden, P.O. Box 3250, 7006, Trondheim, Norway.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2416-8604
Eirik SkogvollClinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6984-0708
Olav SpigsetDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Torgarden, P.O. Box 3250, 7006, Trondheim, Norway.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7902-9014

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThere are very few reports describing to which extent sex, age, dose and time from dose intake affect the enantiomeric distribution during treatment with citalopram. The aim of the present study was to quantify the impact of these factors on the active S-enantiomer during treatment with citalopram.

methodsSamples analysed for citalopram in a routine therapeutic drug monitoring setting were included. The analytical method consisted of enantiomeric separation and quantification of R- and S-citalopram. We employed a linear mixed model to account for multiple samples from the same patient.

resultsA total of 305 samples was included. The mean (± SD) proportion of S-citalopram in the total sample was 34.2 ± 8.1%, corresponding to a mean S/R ratio of 0.52 ± 0.17. According to the linear mixed model, the proportion of S-citalopram increased with 0.69 percentage points per decade of age. Increasing the time interval from dose intake to sampling reduced this proportion with 1.10 percentage points every 6 h. For example, if the sample was obtained 24 h after intake in a person aged 40, the proportion of S-citalopram was 32.7%; while if the sample was obtained 12 h after intake the proportion was 34.9%. Sex and dose did not impact significantly.

conclusionThe percentage of S-citalopram in plasma during treatment with citalopram increased with patient age and decreased with the time from dose intake. In contrast, sex and dose did not significantly affect the percentage of S-citalopram.

Indexed as

CitalopramSelective Serotonin Reuptake InhibitorsAdultAgedAge FactorsDrug MonitoringFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedStereoisomerismYoung AdultCitalopramSelective Serotonin Reuptake InhibitorsCitalopramEnantiomersPharmacokineticsRacemic intake

Identifiers

PMID42493641
PMCPMC13395855

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.