ArticleQuality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation2026
Mapping the NEI-VFQ-25 scores to the EQ-5D-Y-3L and CHU-9D utility values among adolescents with myopia.
Article in Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeTo develop mapping algorithms for predicting EQ-5D-Y-3L and CHU-9D utility values from the National Eye Institute 25-Item Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25) among adolescents with myopia to support economic evaluation.
methodsData were collected from 2,198 adolescents with myopia in China. Conceptual overlap was assessed using Spearman's rank correlation. Six regression models, including ordinary least squares (OLS), Tobit, censored least absolute deviations (CLAD), generalized linear model (GLM), two-part model (TPM), and adjusted limited dependent variable mixture model (ALDVMM), were evaluated. The predictors included the NEI-VFQ-25 total score and the subscale scores. Model performance was assessed via five-fold cross-validation and random sample validation based on mean absolute error (MAE), root mean squared error (RMSE), Akaike information criterion (AIC), Bayesian information criterion (BIC), and the proportions of absolute error (AE) > 0.05. Sensitivity analyses of model validation were conducted.
resultsThe mean (SD) utility values were 0.962 (0.070) for the EQ-5D-Y-3L and 0.851 (0.160) for the CHU-9D. The NEI-VFQ-25 total score correlated moderately with the CHU-9D (r = 0.50) but weakly with the EQ-5D-Y-3L (r = 0.37). The OLS and GLM using stepwise-selected subscale scores demonstrated the best predictive performance for EQ-5D-Y-3 L (MAE = 0.045, RMSE = 0.061, AE > 0.05 [%] = 30.37%) and CHU-9D (MAE = 0.103, RMSE = 0.139, AE > 0.05 [%] = 61.50%), respectively. Sensitivity analyses generally supported the primary model-selection results.
conclusionThis study established algorithms for estimating EQ-5D-Y-3L and CHU-9D utility values based on NEI-VFQ-25 subscale scores for adolescents with myopia, thus facilitating future economic evaluation for myopia interventions. However, given the limited conceptual overlap between the NEI-VFQ-25 and EQ-5D-Y-3L, the EQ-5D-Y-3L algorithm should be applied with caution.
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