ArticleInternal and emergency medicine2026
Impact of semaglutide on cognitive function in patients with type 2 diabetes and mild cognitive impairment: a 24-month observational study.
Article in Internal and emergency medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Trajectory-Oriented Brain Vulnerability Framework for Cognitive Decline in Type 2 Diabetes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with an increased risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) provide cardiovascular and metabolic benefits, and emerging data suggest neurocognitive effects. We conducted a 24-month prospective observational study of 72 adults (≥ 50 years) with T2DM and MCI treated with semaglutide (subcutaneous [SC] or oral) and assessed at baseline (T0) and every 6 months (T1-T4). Outcomes included anthropometrics, fasting glucose, HbA1c, LDL-c, and neuropsychological tests (Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA], Digit Symbol Substitution Test [DSST], Beck Depression Inventory [BDI]). A control cohort of 60 patients with T2DM and MCI not receiving semaglutide was evaluated with the same protocol. Semaglutide was associated with significant reductions in body weight, BMI, waist circumference, fasting glucose, and HbA1c (all p < 0.05). Cognitive performance improved, as shown by MoCA scores (median Δ≈ + 4 points, p < 0.001) at T4 compared with T0; at T4, semaglutide recipients also had higher MoCA scores than controls (+ 4.0 vs - 1.5, p < 0.001). DSST and BDI scores also improved (p = 0.001 and p = 0.044, respectively). MoCA improved similarly with both formulations, whereas DSST improvement reached significance only with SC semaglutide. In multivariable regression, semaglutide independently predicted MoCA improvement (+ 4.76 points, p < 0.001). No semaglutide-treated patient progressed to dementia versus 14 in controls (p = 0.002). In adults with T2DM and MCI, semaglutide was associated with improved cognition and a lower risk of progression to dementia. Differences between formulations may reflect distinct central nervous system engagement. Randomized trials are warranted.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42493728What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.