Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42494526›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2026

Atorvastatin accelerates hematoma absorption and ameliorates cognitive impairment in patients with chronic subdural hematoma complicated by cognitive dysfunction: a retrospective analysis.

Sen He, Li Zhang, Fang Xue, Wenyan Zhang, Fei Xie

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Sen HeDepartment of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University-Ziyang Hospital and Ziyang Central Hospital, Ziyang, Sichuan, China.
Li ZhangDepartment of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University-Ziyang Hospital and Ziyang Central Hospital, Ziyang, Sichuan, China.
Fang XueDepartment of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University-Ziyang Hospital and Ziyang Central Hospital, Ziyang, Sichuan, China.
Wenyan ZhangDepartment of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University-Ziyang Hospital and Ziyang Central Hospital, Ziyang, Sichuan, China.
Fei XieDepartment of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University-Ziyang Hospital and Ziyang Central Hospital, Ziyang, Sichuan, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a prevalent neurosurgical disorder in the elderly, often accompanied by cognitive impairment that severely compromises prognosis. Atorvastatin promotes hematoma absorption, exerts anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, but its efficacy, cognitive improvement and safety in CSDH patients with cognitive impairment remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of atorvastatin on hematoma resolution, cognitive recovery, surgical conversion risk and safety in this cohort to support clinical conservative management. We conducted a single-center, non-randomized, retrospective study enrolling 67 CSDH patients with cognitive impairment between January 2020 and June 2025, who were assigned to atorvastatin group (routine treatment plus atorvastatin 20 mg nightly) or control group (routine treatment alone). Given the modest sample size and retrospective design, conclusions should be interpreted as exploratory. Primary outcomes included 6-month hematoma absorption rate, absorption grade, corrected MoCA score improvement and cognitive impairment incidence; secondary outcomes included serial hematoma volume, MoCA scores, surgical conversion rate and adverse events. Assessments were performed with the assessors blinded to the treatment group allocation. Baseline characteristics were comparable between the atorvastatin group (n = 33) and control group (n = 34). Atorvastatin significantly reduced hematoma volume and elevated MoCA scores at 1, 3 and 6 months, with higher hematoma absorption rate, lower cognitive impairment rate (6.1% vs. 26.5%) and lower surgical conversion rate (6.1% vs. 26.5%) (all P < 0.05). Hematoma absorption was moderate positively correlated with MoCA improvement (

Indexed as

atorvastatinchronic subdural hematomacognitive impairmentconservative treatmenthematoma absorptionneuroprotection

Identifiers

PMID42494526
PMCPMC13391906

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.