ArticleJournal of Taibah University Medical Sciences2026
Effect of dapagliflozin on mineral homeostasis in patients with type 2 diabetes: A real-world retrospective cohort study.
Article in Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors provide important glycemic, cardiovascular, and renal benefits in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, their long-term effects on mineral and electrolyte homeostasis in routine clinical practice remain uncertain. Objectives: To assess the effects of dapagliflozin on serum calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, creatinine, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in patients with T2DM over two years. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included adults with T2DM treated with dapagliflozin at King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between January 2023 and August 2025. Laboratory values were collected at baseline and after one and two years of treatment. Longitudinal changes were evaluated using descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance with post-hoc comparisons, and multivariable linear regression. Results: The study included 549 patients with a mean age of 62.9 ± 12.8 years, and 49.4% were male. Serum calcium increased significantly after one year of dapagliflozin therapy compared with baseline (p = 0.009), with no further significant increase during the second year. Serum magnesium decreased significantly by the second year (p < 0.001). Serum creatinine increased significantly at both follow-up points compared with baseline (p < 0.001). No significant longitudinal changes were observed in serum phosphorus or PTH. In multivariable analysis, the year of measurement independently predicted changes in serum magnesium and phosphorus levels. Conclusions: Long-term dapagliflozin therapy was associated with statistically significant but clinically modest changes in serum calcium, magnesium, and creatinine, while phosphorus and PTH remained stable over two years. These findings support the overall metabolic safety of dapagliflozin in routine practice. Nevertheless, periodic monitoring of renal function and electrolyte levels, particularly magnesium, may be advisable in patients receiving prolonged therapy or those at increased risk of renal or electrolyte disturbances. Further prospective studies are needed to clarify relevance of these biochemical changes in vulnerable populations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.