ReviewJAC-antimicrobial resistance2026
Gram-negative bacterial infection randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the 21st century: characteristics and evolution.
Review in JAC-antimicrobial resistance, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Since 2000, several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) addressing treatment of infections due to Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) have been published. We reviewed RCTs targeting GNB infections published between 2000 and 2025, focusing on methodology, generalizability of results and impact on patient care. Included were phase 2-4 RCTs enrolling adults with complicated intrabdominal infections (cIAI), hospital-acquired pneumonia/ventilator-associated pneumonia (HAP/VAP), complicated urinary tract infections (cUTI) and/or bloodstream infections (BSI). Sixty-eight studies were included. cIAIs and cUTIs were the most frequent infection syndromes studied [in 30 (44.1%) and 28 (41.2%) RCTs, respectively]. Forty-two (61.8%) studies used a double-blind design, and 30 (44.1%) entailed placebo administration. Non-inferiority was the most common pre-specified hypothesis tested (48 RCTs, 70.6%). Superiority was assessed in only four studies. Twenty-nine unique antibiotics were evaluated overall, with novel agents assessed in 43 studies (63.2%). Twelve RCTs targeted one or more specific pathogen, three of which (25.0%) addressed a single pathogen,
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.