Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42495584›Full record

ArticlePCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences2026

Early social gaze fixation and later inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms in children: A longitudinal population-based cohort study.

Masatsugu Orui, Mami Ishikuro, Taku Obara, Keiko Murakami, Aoi Noda, Genki Shinoda, Hirohito Metoki, Masahiro Kikuya, Naoki Nakaya, Tomoko Nishimura and 5 more

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In one paragraph

Article in PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Masatsugu OruiInternational Research, Institute of Disaster Science Tohoku University Sendai Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4871-8455
Mami IshikuroTohoku Medical Megabank Organization Tohoku University Sendai Japan.
Taku ObaraTohoku Medical Megabank Organization Tohoku University Sendai Japan.
Keiko MurakamiTohoku Medical Megabank Organization Tohoku University Sendai Japan.
Aoi NodaTohoku Medical Megabank Organization Tohoku University Sendai Japan.
Genki ShinodaTohoku Medical Megabank Organization Tohoku University Sendai Japan.
Hirohito MetokiTohoku Medical Megabank Organization Tohoku University Sendai Japan.
Masahiro KikuyaTohoku Medical Megabank Organization Tohoku University Sendai Japan.
Naoki NakayaTohoku Medical Megabank Organization Tohoku University Sendai Japan.
Tomoko NishimuraUnited Graduate School of Child Development The University of Osaka, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui Suita Japan.
Keiko TanakaDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine Toon Japan.
Yoshihiro MiyakeDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine Toon Japan.
Atsushi HozawaTohoku Medical Megabank Organization Tohoku University Sendai Japan.
Kenji J TsuchiyaUnited Graduate School of Child Development The University of Osaka, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui Suita Japan.
Shinichi KuriyamaInternational Research, Institute of Disaster Science Tohoku University Sendai Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Aim: To examine whether gaze patterns related to ASD are also associated with later inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms and whether such gaze patterns may reflect broader neurodevelopmental vulnerability. Methods: Using data from the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study, we examined whether gaze fixation on social information at age 4 was longitudinally associated with inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms at age 8. Of 6571 children with gaze data, 3043 whose caregivers completed the ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD-RS) were included. Social gaze-defined as fixation on the eyes in human-face stimuli and on people in people-geometry stimuli-was measured using Gazefinder®. Percentile scores for inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity were analyzed separately for boys and girls using generalized linear models. Results: In boys, shorter gaze fixation on social information at age 4 was significantly associated with higher inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity percentiles at age 8. In girls, no significant associations were observed in the primary complete-case analyses after full adjustment; however, significant associations for the small window stimulus emerged after inverse-probability weighting. Conclusion: Reduced social gaze at age 4, measured using an eye-tracking system originally developed for ASD, was associated with later inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms. These findings suggest that early alterations in social gaze may represent a developmental characteristic associated with broader neurodevelopmental vulnerability and later behavioral symptoms, including inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity.

Indexed as

ADHDASDeye‐trackingGazefinder®inattentionlongitudinal

Identifiers

PMID42495584
PMCPMC13393072

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.