ReviewBiotech (Basel (Switzerland))2026
Advances in Betalain Biosynthesis and Metabolic Engineering for Sustainable Natural Pigment Production.
Review in Biotech (Basel (Switzerland)), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
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0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
Betalains are water-soluble pigments containing nitrogen, and they exist naturally in the plants of the order Caryophyllales. They have gained increasing attention in recent years because of their intense colours, antioxidant activity, and safety, thus making them suitable replacements for artificial dyes. The increasing interest in natural pigments has led to intensified research on betalain biosynthesis and optimization of pigment production. Nonetheless, their application in industry faces limitations, such as their low natural occurrence, sensitivity to environmental conditions, and instability during manufacturing and storage. Unlike previous reviews that primarily focused on betalain chemistry, biosynthesis pathways, or biological activity, the present review highlights recent developments in the engineering of the biosynthesis pathways, synthetic biology, elicitation approaches, omics-based pathway identification, and nanobiotechnology for betalain pigments. Special attention is paid to the comparison of plant, plant cell, yeast, and bacterial production systems, as well as recent advancements towards industrial production of betalain pigments and bottlenecks in the commercialization of sustainable betalain bio-factories.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.